Introduction
Engineering has always been considered one of the most important sciences throughout the ages. It combines theory and application. This science has undergone many developments and changes throughout the ages. Since man began building a home and manufacturing simple tools, until our current era, construction methods and techniques have changed. Engineering is the cornerstone of building civilizations and meeting human needs. In this article, we will learn about the stages of this science development, and discover how engineering has shaped our current year.
Ancient Ages: The First Building Blocks
The features of engineering have appeared since ancient times, where man used his instinct to build shelters, pyramids and temples. Civilizations have passed through our land that excelled in innovation and construction. Among the pioneering civilizations in this field are the Egyptian, Babylonian and Roman civilizations. These civilizations invented to build huge and complex structures such as temples and pyramids. In addition to their contributions to the development of irrigation systems and canals to support the agricultural sector.
Middle Ages: Between Mosques and Cathedrals
The Middle Ages was a period full of engineering prosperity, especially the Islamic civilization. Where solid foundations were established for engineering sciences. Muslim scholars made significant contributions to the development of mathematics, astronomy and architecture, as they used domes and arches, which contributed to the construction of mosques, palaces, baths and other large and complex structures. They also invented many devices and equipment, such as water clocks and agricultural machines, which facilitated daily life and contributed to industrial progress. In addition, Europe witnessed remarkable progress in the field of construction. Scientists developed wooden construction systems that were reflected in the construction of castles and cathedrals. They also developed the iron and textile industries, which contributed to the growth of the European economy.
The Modern Era: The Industrial Revolution and the Great Leap
With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century, engineering witnessed a radical transformation. New branches such as electrical engineering emerged. The discoveries of electricity and magnetism led to a revolution in the field of communications, lighting and industry. As well as mechanical engineering, the automobile and aircraft industries witnessed major developments, which contributed to improving means of transportation. In addition, machines began to replace human power.
The Twentieth Century: The Age of the Atom and Space
Engineering underwent huge developments in the twentieth century. Scientists discovered nuclear energy, which led to the generation of electricity and the prosperity of the sector. Also, the first satellite was launched, as scientists developed rockets capable of carrying satellites and astronauts into space. In the field of civil engineering, skyscrapers and huge suspension bridges were built. One of the greatest developments of this century is the invention of the computer and its applications in engineering fields.
Engineering in the present era: Challenges and opportunities
Our current time is witnessing amazing technological developments that contribute to pushing engineering science towards more innovation and success. Where New branches such as nanoengineering and environmental engineering have emerged, scientists are currently interested in finding sustainable solutions to the problems of climate change and resource scarcity. Also, with the emergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning, there is no limit to what we can develop.
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Conclusion
The science of engineering has witnessed great advancements throughout the years. It was a journey full of creativity. From simple equipment to complex structures, the engineers worldwide have contributed to the renaissance of the this science. Nowadays, scientist estimate that this field will continue to reach even more stages of success to meet humanity needs.
INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING ORGANIZATION (IEO)